Stabilized servomotor control system



Feb. 20, 1951 ZIEBQLZ 2,542,787

STABI LIZED SERVOMOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed May 22, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

brerizzlaog Feb. 20, 1951 H.-ZIEBOLZ 2,542,787

STABILIZED SERVOMOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Filed May 22, 1946 2 SheetS-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

fleiei-Zdeo la BY i v Patented Feb. 20, 1951 STABILIZED SERVOMOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Herbert Ziebols, Chicago, 111., asslgnor to Askania Regulator Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application May 22, 1946, Serial No. 871,543

4 Claims. 1

The invention relates to systems for the-control of a condition such as flow, pressure, temperature, and the like, and has as a general object to perfect new and improved and, particularly, stabilized systems of that character.

In all condition control systems instability, caused primarily by hunting due to overadjustment, is a factor sought to be eliminated. Because of the impossibility of completely eliminating some time lag between the call for adjust ment of a condition and the reflection of change in the condition, by adjustment of. the condition control means, upon the means calling for the adjustment, avoidance of hunting is customarily sought by offsetting to a greater or lesser degree the call for adjustment of the condition by means activated as an incident to adjustment of the condition.

It is another object of this invention, therefore, to provide new and improved means for offsetting the call for adjustment of the condition after an appropriate adjustment of the condition-controlling means has been made.

A further object is to provide a new and improved means for offsetting the call for adjustment of the condition which means operates as a function of the length of time that the condition-controlling means is being adjusted.

Still a further object is to providea control system having means responsive to the condition to be controlled and operable to set up a call for correction of the condition upon departure of the condition from the value sought to be maintained and differential pressure-actuated means controlled as a function of the time of correction of the condition operable to offset the call for correction.

Still a further object is to provide a control system having means responsive to the condition to be controlled and operable to set up a call for correction of the condition upon departure of the condition from the value sought to be maintained, differential pressure actuated means controlled as a function of the time of correction of the condition operable to offset the call for correction, and means for equalizing the pressure to remove the effect of the offsetting means.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a control system embodying the features of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a modi- 2 fled form of control system embodying the features of my invention.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of still another modified form of control system embodying the'features of my invention.

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, it is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter be described in three embodiments. It is not intended, however, that the invention is to be limited thereby to the specific constructions shown. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all modifications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Speaking generally, the system is devised to control a condition, customarily, to maintain a condition at some predetermined state or value. By the term condition is here meant any physical or chemical property, characteristic, or state capable of measurement and control, for example, pressure, temperature, fiow, rate of combustion, rate of chemical action, or the like. A system of this character comprises broadly a condition-influencin means adjustable by some controlled power means so as to influence in opposite directions the condition being controlled. The power means must of necessity be in part controlled by the condition and to that end the system includes means responsive to the condition, which means indicates the state of the condition and, moreover, does so in terms or in a factor which can be utilized for control of the power means. To predetermine the'value or state of the condition to be maintained, manually adjustable means is provided, the manual means and the means responsive to the condition being through suitable coupling or integrating means rendered operative to generate a signal capable of controlling the power means. Inasmuch as there is still some time lagbetween the call for adjustment of the condition and actual adjustment thereof in accordance with the call, despite the high sensitivity'and high speed of operation of present day devices, means is provided herein to compensate for such time lag by anticipating the ultimate change that will be effected in the condition by an adjustment of the condition-influencin means. Such anticipation is herein effected through offsetting the signal calling for adjustment of the condition-influencing means with the offsetting means operating as a function of the length of time of adjustment of the condition-influencing means. Moreover, the offsetting means is rendered but temporarily effective with the removal of the effectiveness being preferably so timed as to be completely terminated simultaneously with the returne of the condition to its predetermined value or state.

In somewhat greater particularity, the offsetting means of the systems disclosed herein employ diflerential pressures which are initially set up and controlled in accordance with the nature and duration of the signal calling for adjustment of said condition-influencing means, while the rendering ineffective of the oilsetting means is accomplished through means permitting controlled equalization of the pressure differentials. The coupling or integrating means, moreover, herein takes the form of a bridge network and may be composed of inductances or resistances, as shown, and conceivably may be other electrical units such as capacitances or combinations of two or more of such electrical units.

Turning now to the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1, the condition to be controlled, as shown by way of exemplary embodiment, is the pressure of a fluid flowing in a conduit 8, the flow of fluid through the conduit being in the direction of the arrow and the conduit being connected to some suitable source of the fluid (not here shown). Influencing the pressure in the conduit 5 is a valve 6 adjustable to various positions by an electric motor I operating through suitable linkage, herein diagrammatically shown at I. Responsive to the pressure'in the conduit 5 is a pressure responsive device 9 having a diaphragm Ill therein to which is secured a stem I l extending outwardly of the casing of the pressure responsive means 9 and carrying at its free end an iron core l2 the function of which will presently be described in greater particularity. Needless to say, the pressure responsive device 9 converts the condition to be controlled, herein pressure, into a value or factor, herein linear movement and position of the core l2, capable of use in generating a signal controlling the motor l. Complementing the pressure responsive means 9 is a condition value predetermining means, herein taking the form of a simple, manually adjustable, screw element I! also carrying at its free end an iron core i4.

As above indicated, a bridge network integrating means, generally designated i5, is provided to convert the relative positions of the cores l2 and i 4 into a signal controlling the motor 1. Herein the bridge network is a Wheatstone bridge having its legs or sides composed of four inductance coils i6, ll, i8 and IS. A suitable supply voltage source is represented at and is by leads 2i and 22 connected respectively to one end of each of the coils l6 and I! and to one end of each of the coils i8 and ii. The remaining ends of the coils l6 and ll are by a lead 23 connected to a control circuit 24 for the motor I, while similarly connected to the motor control circuit 24 by a lead 25 are the remaining ends oi the coils i1 and IS. The motor control circuit 24 may be any one of several common and well known circuits capable of taking the difference in potential, both magnitude and phase, across the leads 23 and 25 and converting the same and frequently also amplifying the same into a signal operable to cause the motor I to rotate in the desired direction, either forward or reverse, depending upon the nature of the adustment in the condition that is to be made. The motor control circuit 24 is herein diagrammatically shown connected to the motor I through three leads 2|, 2'! and 28, of which 21 is a common lead, while 20 and 2' are alternately utilized depending upon which direction the motor is to rotate.

Coil I! of the network is operatively associated with the-iron core i2 of the pressure responsive means I. The core I2 is disposed axially of the coil II and thus is operable, depending upon its position, axially of the coil to vary the inductance and hence the voltage drop across the coil. Coil H is similarly associated with the core l4 of the manual means It. Assuming that the coils II and II are in balance, the coils II and I! will determine the potential at the point in the network to which the leads 23 and 25 are connected. If the manual means I! and the pressure responsive means I are adjusted so that the bridge is in balance and there is no potential difference acrom the leads 2! and 25 when the condition to be controlled is at the desired value. a departure of the condition from the predetermined value will be indicated by change in the relative position of the cores l2 and I3 and, more particularly, by the appearance of a voltage diflerence across the leads 22 and 2B, the phase of this potential diflerence will also indicate the direction of departure of the condition.

In order to avoid overadjustment o! the valve 6, which normally occurs in systems of this character because of the inevitable time delay between a call for adjustment or the valve means I and the final eifect on the pressure 01' theiiuid in the conduit 8, means is provided for anticipating the eventual state of the condition and oiisetting the call for adjustment generated by the pressure responsive means and thereby arresting adjustment of said valve 6 at an earlier time. This means herein is pressure actuated taking the form of presure diiferential means. Naturally and logically this oflsetting means is associated with the coils ll and I0 and thus includes an iron core 24 associated with the coil II and an iron core 2| associated with the coil I 9, both being supported for movement axially thereof to vary the inductance of the coils. While the arrangement for creating pressure differential, which in turn acts to vary the position 01' the cores II and ii in their respective coils, may take a variety of forms, it herein takes the form of a closed tubular device 22 arranged to have an upright U-shaped portion a which contains a liquid 24 capable of floatingly supporting the cores ll and II within the coils II and I9. At the ends of the U shaped portion 82, and preferably well above any point to which the liquid 34 would rise, the device has hollow enlargements ll rotltdinthcmdimn 3i and SI. Within the enlargement I! is housed a heating coil 21 interposed by leads ll in the lead 2! connecting the motor control circuit 24 and the motor. Housed in the enlargement ll isoalzizaunlooilllinierposedbyleadslflinthe Asthemotor'lisenergisedtorotateinone direction as, for example, by the flow of current through the lead 20, the heating coil II will of coursebeenergizedandwillexpandthegasin the enlargement and thereby build up a pressure greater than the pressure in the enlargement 8|. This pressure diflcrentisl will, of course, cause the liquid 24 to assume diflerent levels in the legs 01' the U-lhaped portion II and thus core II will be carried downwardly and core ll carried upwardly, respectively, relative to their coils II and I0. Conversely, when the motor I and current flows answer be understood, of course, that the offsetting means is so arranged that the eflect of change in position of the cores 30 and II, due to the setting up of a pressure diflerential, tends to counteract or offset the voltage differential which was created by movement of the core I! due to departure of the pressure in the conduit from the predetermined or desired value.

Since the pressure diiIerentials herein utilized are created through the generation of heat, time alone would eventually again equalize the pressures if the coils 31 and 39 were not again energized. Means is preferably provided, however, for permitting equalization of the pressures at a more rapid rate. To that end, the enlargements 35 and 36 are interconnected by a tube ll having interposed therein a manually adjustable bleed valve means 42. By the provision of this bleed passage, the pressures are permitted after a desired period of time to equalize and thus the effect of the offsetting means is removed so that its continued presence may not call for adjustment of the valve means 6 in the opposite direction from that in which it has just been adjusted, which would be the case if the effect of the offsetting means were not removed.

While it is believed that the operation of the system will be readily understood from the above, a brief statement of the operation may facilitate understanding and appreciation of the invention. Let it be assumed, therefore, that the system is temporarily in equilibrium, that is, that the pressure in the conduit 5 is at the value desired and predetermined by adjustment of the manual means I 3. Under that assumption, if the other elements of the system are properly adjusted, the Wheatstone bridge I5 should be in balancewith no potential difference across the leads 23 and and hence with no signal being generated calling for operation of the motor 1. Assume next that, due to a lessening of the demand on the fluid in the conduit 5 or to an increase in the supply, the pressure in the conduit 5 rises. This will through the device 9 move the core I2 downwardly in its coil l6, thereby upsetting the balance of the bridge and causing a signal to be generated calling for adjustment of the valve means 6 in a direction to close the valve. Under this assumption, the motor is controlled through the leads 21 and 28 with the result that the heating coil 31 is energized. As a consequence of the pressure differentials thus set up, the fluid will be forced downwardly in the leg of the U-shaped portion 34 associated with the enlargement and upwardly in the leg associated with the enlargement 36 and. as a result, the core 30 will be carried into the coil l8 just as was the core I! into its coil it, while the core ll will be carried out of its coil l9. After a period of time, the action of the offsetting means will gradually reduces the pressure in the conduit 6,

the pressure differential between the enlargements 35 and 38 is also disappearing for the coil a lifting of its core l2. ideal case, the pressure is restored to its desired i1 is no longer energized and flow is taking place through the bleed valve means. As the pressure in the conduit 5 decreases, the means I of course is also responding to such decrease with In the hypothetical and value by a single adjustment of the valve means 0 with all parts of the control system coming back to the original state of equilibrium simultaneously. In practice, compensation for a change affecting the pressure in the conduit 5 is eflected through a continuing series of progresively smaller adjustments of the valve means 6 until the original equilibrium state is reached with the valve in the new position.

Turning now to the form of the invention shown in Fig. 2, the condition to be controlled is still shown, by way of exemplary embodiment, I

as the pressure of a fluid flowing in a conduit 5', the flow of fluid through the conduit being in the direction of the arrow and the conduit being connected to some suitable source of the fluid (not here shown). Influencing the pressure in the conduit 5 is a valve 6' adjustable to various positions by an electric motor 1 operating through suitable linkage, herein diagrammatically shown at 8'. Responsive to the pressure in the conduit 5' is a pressure responsive device 9' having a diaphragm l0 therein to which is secured a stem l I, extending outwardly of the casing of the pressure responsive means 9, and carrying at its free end an iron core I2 the function of which will presently be described in greater particularity. Needless to say, the pressure responsive device 9' converts the condition to be controlled, herein pressure, into a value or factor, herein linear movement and position of the core l2, capable of use in generating a signal controlling the motor I. Complementing the pressure responsive means 9' is a condition value predetermining means, herein taking the form of a simple, manually adjustable, screw element i3 also carrying at its free end an iron core ll.

A bridge network integrating means, generally designated l5', is provided to convert the relative positions of the cores l2 and I4 into a signal controlling the motor I. Herein the bridge network is a Wheatstone bridge having its legs or sides composed of four inductance coils l6, l'l',l8' and IS. A suitable supply voltage source is represented at 20' and is by leads 2| and 22 connected respectively to one end of each of the coils l6 and I1 and to one end of each of the coils l8 and IS. The remaining ends of the coils l6 and Ill are by a lead 23 connected to a control ci cuit 2 or the motor I, while similarly connected to the motor control circuit 24 by a lead 25' are the remaining ends of the coils I1 and L9. The motor control circuit 24' may be any one of several common and well known circuits capable of taking the difference in potential, both magnitude and phase, across the leads 23 and 25' and converting the same, and frequently also amplifying the same, into a signal operable to cause the motor I to rotate in the desired direction, either forward or reverse, depending upon the nature of the adjustment in the condition that is to be made. The motor control circuit 24' is herein diagrammatically shown connected to the motor I through three leads 26', 21' and 28', of which 21 is a common lead, while 26 and 28' are alternately utilized depending upon which direction the motor is to rotate.

Gail It of the network is operatively associated with the iron core I! of the pressure responsive means a. The core I! is disposed axially of the coil II and thus is operable, de pending upon its position axially of the coil, to vary the inductance and hence the voltage drop across the coil. Coil I1 is similarly associated with the core ll of the manual means It. Assuming that the coils II and II are in balance, the coils It and i1 will determine the potential at the point in the network to which the leads I! and 2| are connected. If the manual means It and the pressure responsive means I are adjusted so that the bridge is in balance and there is no potential difference across the leads 2'' and I! when the condition to be controlled is at the desired value, a departure of the condition from the predetermined value will be indicated by difference in the relative position of the cores l2 and I3 and, more particularly, by the appearance of a voltage diiference across the leads I8 and II. The phase of this potential difference will also indicate the direction oi departure of the condition.

As in Fig. 1, means is provided to offset the call for adjustment generated by the pressure responsive means and thereby arrest adjustment of said valve 8 at an earlier time. This means herein also is pressure actuated taking the form of pressure differential means. Naturally and logically this offsetting means is associated with the coils II and is and thus includes an iron core I. associated with the coil is and an iron core 8| associated with the coil is, both being supported for movement axially thereof to vary the inductance of the coils. The pressure differential means herein takes the form of two containers 45 and 46 arranged relative to one another so as to have a common wall I. The containers are generally annular and arranged one within the other with the common wall 41 connected to rigid walls of both containers through bellows-like walls ll to have a movement axially of the annular containers upon existence of a pressure differential in said containers. Secured at one end to the wall 41 is a rod ls carrying at its other end a cross bar ll attached to the cores I and II. As will readily be seen from an examination of Fig. 2. the cores is and II enter opposite ends of their respective coils so that movement of the rod is in either axial direction will have opposed effects on the cores, that is, to cause the one to enter its cell and to cause the other to be withdrawn from its coil.

Pressure differentials are herein affected in the containers 45 and It by variation in the temperature thereof and to that end there is housed in the container 45 a heating coil or element II and in the container 46 a coil or element 52. Energy for the heating coils is derived from a suitable source herein shown as a battery II. The coils are under the control of a switch, generally designated 54, having a pivoted blade ll having a normal position in which neither coil is energized, and oppositely pivoted positions in which it engages either a stationary contact II to complete a circuit for the coil Si or a stationary contact 51 to complete a circuit for the heating coil 52. The switch is controlled as an incident to enersization oi the motor I. To that end, coils it and 5! which serve as solenoids effecting the control of the switch 54 are connected respectively in the leads 28 and 28' leading from the motor control circuit 24 to the motor. It will be apparent from the foregoing that the action of the oifset- 8 tlnsmsamhafuneflonofthelensthoftimeof adjlltlnsastoi'thevalve means 0'. It willalsobe apwsehted tlnt the olfaetting means is so arrangedthatthaefleetofehangeinpoaitioneithe conalandslflduetothesettingupofapressm'edilcuitigtendstocounteractoroiisetthe voltage diilcmtial which was created by movementottheenrell'duetodepartureofthepreasureintheconduitl'fromthepredetermlnedor deaiscdvalne.

Since the pan-are diiierentials herein utilised areaoatadthmsghthegeneratlon of heat, time alcnewcnldevmtuallyasainequalisethepressuresifthecolhli and" werenotagainenergi'nd. Ileana is preferably provided, however, forpcmittingequalisationofthepressuresata morerapldrate. To thatendthe two containers andllareintsrconnectedbyableed passage I. havh inta'posed therein a manually adjustablevalvell. Bytheprovisionofthisbleed pasanflsepressm'eaarepernuttedsiteradesiredpshdcl'timetoequaliseandthusthe eilectoi'theoflaettingmeansisremcvedsothat its continued presence may not call for adjustment (1 the valve means i in the opposite directionfrmnthatinwhich ithasjustbeen adinstead. The p ration of this form of the inventlmhbaslcallythesameasthatdisclosedin Pig. landitisbelievedwillbereadilyunderstood from the foregoing description, particularly when coupled with the previous statement of the operatiim d the system of Fig. 1.

Turning now to the form of the invention shown in Pig. 3. the condition to be controlled, as shown by way (1 exemplary embodiment, is the premureotsteaminaboilerllsuppliedwith fuel thmlmh a conduit I". Influencing the pressure in the boiler OI by controlling the fuel supplied the! h a valve 0" adjustable to various poaitimm by an electric motor 1" operating thmah Ifltable linkage, herein diagrammatically shown at I". Responsive to the pressure in thebdlu-flkapresmreresponsivedevice of the Reunion type connected to actuate a movable cmstaet I! the function of which will presently be dues-med in greater particularity. Needless to my, the pressure responsive device 00 converta the cmldition to be controlled, herein pressure. into a value or factor, herein linear movement and pulflon of the contact ll, capable of uselnmgaslml controlling themotor 'I". ting the pressure responsive means I is a condition value predetermining meam, herein taking the form of a simple, manually adilltable, screw element II" also connected to actuate a contact. ll.

A lathe network integrating means, generally duignatsd II. is provided to convert the relative and well known circuits capable of taking the difference in potential, both magnitude and phase, across the leads I! and it and converting the same and frequently also amplifying the same into a signal operable to cause the motor I' to rotate in the desired direction, either forward or reverse, depending upon the nature of the adjustment in the condition that is to be made. The motor control circuit 24" is herein diagrammatically shown connected to the motor 'I" through three leads II", 21" and 20'', of,

which 21" is a common lead, while 2." and 28" are alternately utilized depending upon which direction the motor is to rotate.

If the contact is at the electrical mid point of resistor 12, the resistors Ill and II will determine the potential at the points in the network to which the leads 1| and 00 are connected. It thus the manual means It" and the pressure responsive means 86 are adjusted so that the network is in balance-and there is no potential difference across the leads II and .0 when the condition to be controlled is at the desired value, a departure of the condition from the predetermined value will be indicated by change in the relative position of the contacts 81 and 68 and, more particularly, by the appearance of a voltage difi'erence across the leads 1! and 80. The phase of this potential difference will also indicate the direction of departure of the condition.

In order to avoid overadjustment of the valve 8", which normally occurs in systems of this character because of the inevitable time delay between a call for adjustment of the valve means 6" and the final eflect on the pressure of the boiler 65, means is provided for anticipating the eventual state of the condition by offsetting the call for adjustment generated by the pressure responsive means and thereby arresting adjustment of said valve 8" at an earlier time. This means herein also is pressure actuated taking the form of pressure differential means and is associated with the movable contact 1i. Herein this pressure differential means takes the form of two containers 8| and 82 arranged relative to one another so as to have a common wall 83. The containers are generally annular and arranged one within the other with the common wall 83 connected to rigid walls of both containers through bellows-like walls I. With this construction, the wall 83 can partake of a movement axially of the annular containers upon the existence of a pressure differential in the containers. Attached at one end to the wall It is a rod 85 which is attached at its other end to the movable contact I! for movement thereof longitudinally of the resistor 12 as the wall 83 moves.

Pressure differentials are herein set up through the employment of a pump SI of any one of several suitable types, but hereillustrated as a gear pump. One side of the pump 86 is by a conduit 81 connected to the container II while the other side of the pump is by a conduit 88 connected to the container 82. The pump is driven from an electric motor 89 through a suitable connection represented diagrammatically at 00. In order that the operation of the oifsetting means may still be a function of the length of time of the operation of the motor If, that is, the length of time of adjustment of' the valve means 6", the pump motor 89 is connected to be energized whenever and so long as the motor 1" is energized. To that end, it is by leads SI, 82 and I! connected to leads 26", 21" and II. The pump motor 89 thus not only will operate whenever a 10 the motor 1" is operating but will also rotate in a corresponding direction. In order to permit equalization of the pressures in the containers II and 82, a by-pass or bleed passage connection 94 is formed between the conduits ll and I8. Incorporated in this connection is a manually adjustable bleed valve 0!.

The operation of the system disclosed n this form 05 the invention is basically the same as that of the form disclosed in Fig. 1. It is believed, therefore, that operation of this form of the invention will be clearly and readily understood irom the foregoing description coupled with the rsum of the operation of the invention disclosed in Fig. l. Suffice it to say, therefore, that the features of this invention are the provision of a network the balance of which is infiuenced by three factors, a manual adjustment predetermining the value of the condition to be maintained, means responsive to the condition as it actually exists, and means for anticipating the final effect on the condition of adjustment of the valve means 6" and brought into play to offset the call for adjustment of the valve meansso as to arrest such adjustment and prevent the overadjustment which is so common. This 01!- setting means herein operates as a function of the time of adjustment of the valve means and takes the form of a pressure differential device. Means is provided in all instances permitting gradual restoration of the pressure differentials to a balanced pressure condition and as a consequence removal of the ofi'setting effect of the offsetting means.

I claim as my invention:

1. A system for controlling a condition comprising, in combination, adjustable condition infiuencing means, power means for adjusting said condition influencing means, an electrical control circuit for said power means, and means for generating a signal to which said control circuit is responsive comprising a resistance network having a first leg including a resistor and a manually adjustable element associated with the resistor adjustable to predetermine the value of the condition to be maintained, a second leg including a resistor and a contact movable therealong to determine the eflectlve value thereof, a device responsive to the condition to be maintained connected to move said contact, resistance means completing said network including an adjustable device for influencing the balance of the network, means responsive to an unbalance of said network to cause actuation of said power means in one direction or the other depending upon the direction of unbalance of said network, means operable upon unbalance of said network in one direction or the other to activate said adjustable device to tend to restore the balance of said bridge, and means for gradually removing the influence of said last mentioned means.

2. A system for controlling a condition comprising. in combination, adjustable condition infiuencing means, power means for adjusting said condition influencing means, an electrical control circuit for said power means, a normally balanced network the unbalance and the direction of unbalance of which constitutes a signal to which said control circuit is responsive comprismg a first, a second and a third resistor, said first and second resistors having contacts movable therealong to determine the effective value of the resistors connected in said network, a. source of potential for said network having a common connection to one end of each of said first and 11 second resistors and a connection through a movable contact to said third resistor and uninterrupted leads connecting the juncture points of said first and second resistors with said third resistor to said electrical control circuit, manual means for adlusting said flrst resistor to predetermine the value the condition to be maintained, means responsive to the condition adjusting said second resistor in accordance with the condition, means operable as an incident to and (or the duration of actuation of said power meanstoadjustsaidthirdresistortotendto restore balance to said network, and means removing the influence or said last named means.

3. A system for controlling a condition comprising, in combination. adjustable condition influencing means, power means for adjusting said condition influencing means, means responsive to the condition indicating variation in the value or the condition, a manual device adjustable to predetermine the value of the condition to be maintained, means including said manually adjustable device and said means responsive to the condition operable upon departure of the condition from the predetermined value to generate a signal calling ior adjustment or said condition influencing means in one direction or the other depending upon the direction oi departure of the condition from the predetermined value, and means operable to oflset the call for adJustment of said condition influencing means including chambered pressure means operable in response to an increasing pressure diflerential to oflset the call for adjustment 0! said condition influencin means to an increasing extent, and a pump associated with said pressure means operable to draw fluid from one chamber and supply it to another to create a pressure differential, said pump operating during the periods or energization of said power means.

4. A system for controlling a condition comprising, in combination. adjustable condition influencing means, power means for adjusting said condition influencing means, means responsive to the condition indicating variation in the value 12 of the condition. a manual device adjustable to predeterminethevalueoitheconditiontobe maintained. means including said manually adjustable device and said means re pon ive to th condition operable upon departure of the condition mm the predetermined value to generate a signal calling for adjustment of said condition influencingmeansinonedirecticnortheother depending upon the direction of departure oi the condition from the predetermined value, and means operable to oflset the call for adjustment of said condition influencing means including a pair of containers having a common wall mounted for movement upon creation of a pressure diiierential within said containers, conduits torming a closed circuit with said containers. a pump associated with said closed circuit and iunctioning upon operation to create a pmsure diflerentiai between said containers, a motor ior driving said pump connected to be energised simultaneously and in the same manner as said power means. and a by-pass connection between said conduits including a manually adjustable valve for determining the rate of equalization of the pressures in said containers when said pump is not in operation.

HERBERT ZIEBOLZ.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,208,559 Baak July 23, 1940 2,228,336 Annin Jan. 14, 1941 2,317,807 Ryder Apr. 27, 1943 2,325,103 Bristol July 27, 1943 2,335,943 Jones Dec. 7, 1943 2.4033?! Gille July 18, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 444,673 Great Britain Mar. 25, 1936 

